Atomizer for internal-combustion engines and the like



y june 15, 1926. LQZ

P. L. SCCTT ATOMIZER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTIDN ENGINES AND THE LIKE Filed August a, 1921 2 Sheets-$lhee" l 7 -f l@ l June 15 1926..

F. L. SCOTT ATOMMER Ffm INTERNAL JODUSTION ENGINES AND THE LII-(E Filed #Imst 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented June l5, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PHILIP LANE SCOTT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR T SUPER-DIESEL TRACTOR CORPORATION, OF -LA PORTE, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ATOMIZER-FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES AND THE LIKE.

Application led August 8, 1921. Serial No. 490,814.

My invention relates to an atomizing noz- .zle for internal combustionengines and thel guidesA and controls it after it has left the' first atomizing passage or point and before 'tali atoniizing will take place.

it reaches the zone into which it is discharged.

I have found that when liquids are ejected through an exceedingly minute passage at exceedingly high velocities and exceedingly high pressure, a very fine atomization results. I have also found that if the jet is directed against a surface from which it can rebound or Yby whi-elkitscan-:be deflected, if conditions are right, the jet is controlled, deilectedand perhaps reatomizedbyits im- .pingement upon such surface so as to give a more satisfactory and uniform spray. Wittliout control the spray is apt to be ragged and poorly distributed. By imposing upon it the above described control the form of the spray is made uniform and of the desired r proportion, the raggedness is eliminated and the degree of homogeneity of the sprayA is improved.

I have also found by experience that there seems to be a well defined limit beyond which the number of impingements of the jet against such a surface or surfaces should not be increased.

I have found by experiment that if I associate an atomizing nozzle or valve with aV relatively` long passage and if the size of that passage is such that the jet rushing out from the prima-ry spraying'or atomlzing nozzle impinges on the wall of that passage at least once before-it is discharged into the zone where it is to be received, satisfactory I have also found'that if the passa e is long enough so that assuming the ang e of incidence and reflection, to be the same as that of a ray of light passing in the same direction as the spray, and that if the nozzle is so long that more than six impingements upon the surface take place, then atomization is not satisfactoryand there seems to be a tendency for recondensation to take place.

In otherwords, if the jet1 is discharged from the primary atomizing passage and impinges upon the walls of the guiding and controlling passage at an angle Aother than a right angle with respect'to that passage, then if the passage is so long that the jet movesaback and forth from side to side it does not impinge upon the Walls more thanvsix times,

that a high pressure, high velocity jet does not" act as a ray of light would; it is possible that the angles of incidence and reflection ma be changed as the jet passes down through thepassage, but the fact remains that if the proportion, size, shape and arrangement of part-s are'such that if the angle of reflection of the jet were to be the same as its angle of incidence and if it were to reflect back and forth and across the passage so as to impinge at least once and not more than six times upon the walls of the-passage, then there will result a very high degree of atomization and a very uniform and well regulated and controlled spray of at-omized material.

This passage which imposes the control upon the spray differs distinctly from passages somewhat similar in mechanical structure and location, used in valves in the prior art, in that the passage referred to here is not at anytime completely filled lwith the atomized Iliquid due totthe fact that its diameter is many times greater than the thickness of the jet as it issues from the atomizing passage.

In order to illustratetlie rane within which the dimensions and shapes of(5r the parts cooperating to produce the desired result in my invention are found, I have worked out a formula illustrated by the drawings as follows: wherein the invention is illustrated through a part of the nozzle shown in Figure 1, suggesting the path of the jet of atomized material; n

Figure 3 is a detailed showing of a modified form of spray nozzle associated with the guide passage;

Figure 4 is a section at right angles to the section of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a plan view of the disc of Figures 3 and 4;

Figure 6 is a diagrammatic sketch showing a spray nozzle in which the proportions are slightly different;

`Figure 7 .is a diagrammatic showing-,illustrating the mathematics of the relation of the parts and dimensions. yLike parts are designated by like Vcharacters throughout.A l

A is a valve housing having a longitudinal passage A therein. A2 is a sleeve, screw threadedin the valve housing having a passage A4 in line with a passage A5 lwhich in turn communicates with the passage A. A is a Huid supply pipe 'communicating witli the passa e A4 and connected up with the y sleeve A2 y `the coupling A7.

.B is a cap, screw-threaded on the discharge end of the valve housing. The hous-I ing is itself screw threaded 'in the wall B."

of an engine cylindenor the pressure cham. ber or any other suitable apparatus rwhere this valve might be appropriately positioned. The end of the valve housing is counter-sunk as at B2. B3 is a packing washer arranged within the counter-sunk end about its periphery. B4 is a spraydisc a-pertured as at B*s and the a erture is adapted to be closed by`a blunt plug or needle valve B on the end of the valve stem B7. The stem is enlar ed at its upper 1end, surrounded by a pac in B8' and compressed by a crank B2.

The en of the valve stem is screw-threaded as at. B10 and a hand wheel BUL has ascrewthreaded engagement therewith being held against longitudinalI displacement on the yoke B12 so "thaty the manipulation of the handwheel may mpve the plug or needle valve toward or'from the'spray disc.

' Under normal conditions, this needle valve is held'seatedonlthe -disc so ask to close the aperture BLi until oil or other liquid -is forced into the valve housing under sullicient pressure to deflect the spray disc which is more or less flexible'and permit 'discharge of the liquid 'to be sprayed between the needle valve and the disc and through the aperture in the disc.

The inventionV with which I am particular;

ly concerned at the present time lies in the particular portions of the needle valve, thev aperture in the' discthe seat of the needle valve on the disc, and the inclination of that seat and that is more particularly 'illustrated in Figures'1 2 to 6.

In Figure 2 is yshown a very blunt needle reaches valve B having a relativelybroad seat on the valve disc as shown at C. This disc is shown in the unseated position very much magnified of course. The dotted lino C shows the path of the liquid between the needle valve and its seat on the disc and it will be observed that this dotted line path impin es first on one side of the aperture 5 an then on the other, there being in the present connection, room for six impingements. As previously suggested, it is not certain that these six impingements take place but the arrangement is such that if the angle of'i'ncidence and reiiection were the same in every case, these six impingcments could take place.

In Figure 3 is shown a slightly different f or modified' form of disc in which there is 2, D4 engaging edge to edge and cut away A or nicked at D5 in line with the passage D2. The front elevation of Vone of these plates is shown in Fi ure 4c and it will be vnoted here that the liquid which may be forced out between.. the nickedportion of these'plates will come out at a much more acute angle and may impinge only twice on the walls ofthe passage. In Figure 5 is shown a plan .View of Figures 3 and 4. s

'Figure 6 shows a slightly different arrangement wherein the heavy plate E with its boss E and passage E2 carries a thicker plate E3 in 'which is disposed a seat E'i in engagement with a, sharper needle point E such that when vthe valve is unseated, there will be a possibility of but a single impingement of the jet across the seat against the wall of the passage.

Figure 7 shows the appropriate dimensions for an arrangement which will carry out the subject of m invention, the arrangement being suc that the formula lzMa/,Xtan alpha); in which a equals the diameter of the hole, Z, equals the length of the hole and alpha equals the angle between the seat and the plane perpendicular of the axis of the hole. When this is the "case, if the constant la is equal to at least one and is not greater than six, then satisfactoryatomization will take place.

y In the preferred form shown in Figures 1, 2, 6, and 7 the valve stem is of the selfpositioning type, and it is constructed and adapted to position itself within the valve, the arrangement being such vthat the stem, and particularly the needle point, will as nearly as possible be self-centering. In practice, however, experience has shown that the needle point is frequently unsymmetrical in its seating, and that it will thus produce' an unsymmetrical jet of liquid, which g It will e understood that-I have, except A CA in Figure l, shown my device in'a greatlv 'Obviously in practice, what happens is that there awill be suicient distortion to permit a slight opening between the valveand .its seat at some one place onlypand itvwill be through the very 'narrow passage.. just" formed that theliquid will be discharged. The clearance between the valve and the valve seat is in practice so small that it may frequently be not greater in thickness than one hundredth of the width of the' guiding assage in the disc, although it may vary from this figure it has been found. preferable to have it never largerthan one-twenty fifth the -width of the guide passage. ,Iclairna A A' 1. atomizing nozzle comprising a control. passage, av valve seat in advance of'one end of said passage, a valve head adapted to engage the seat and cut off communication between theinterior of the nozzleand said passage, the valve vvhenopened producing 4 a minute4 passage between the valve headl and the'valve seat, the seat being inclined tothe 'longitudinal axis `of the control passage, `the relation between the three dimension factors involved following Ithe for-- mula ZiMaXtan alpha), in which a v equals *he diameter of .the control passage, l ffl-equals the length of the control passage and alpha equals the angle betweenlthe seat and the plane perpendicular to the axis of the v.control passage, and

vrin-wlilch the value of the constant 7c isv at least one land not morethan six.

` 2. An,"A ,omlzing nozzle comprlslng an elongatedfcontrol passage,a Valve seat 1mvmedately in advance. of one end of saidpassage, a valve head adapted to 'engage the seat and cut oft' communication between' `tan alpha), in which a equals the diam i,

eter of the control passage, Z equals the length of 'the control passage and f alpha 1 equals. the angle between the seatl and the plane perpendicular to the axis of the control passage, 'and in which'the value of the Ootantak :a is .at least one and not .greater than 6.

v43..A1- 1 atonnzlng nozzle comprising an elongatedv control passage, a` valve 11n1ne'y diately' in advance of one'end of said pasy sage, said valve 'adapted when closed to cut ofi' communication between the interior` of the vnozzle and lsaid passage, the valve when opened providing a minute passage between the interior of the nozzle andthe said elongated control'passage, the valve Yopening bef ing inclined to the-lc igitudinal axis of the control passage thev relation between the three dimension factors involved following the formula 'Z=s(a tan alpha), inv

which a 'equals'.the Adiameter of the control passage, ..Z equals. the` length of the control passage, and alpha `equals the angle between the plane of the valve open,- ing and the'plane perpendicular to theA axis of` the control passage, in which thevalue oftheconsta'nt- 7c is at least oneand not more vthan six.

Signed at Chicago, county .of Cook and State. of Illinois, 'this 6th` day ofy August, 1921. r y a f v "PHILIP LANE SCOTTL 

